Responsabilidade de “colarinho branco” por crimes internacionais
os casos Lafarge
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17857894Keywords:
Direito Penal Internacional, Criminalidade de Colarinho Branco, TerrorismoAbstract
O presente trabalho aborda a conexão entre o Direito Internacional Penal e o Direito Penal Econômico discutindo as diretrizes teóricas da responsabilidade penal de empresas e seus agentes por graves violações de Direitos Humanos. Em acréscimo, discute os casos movidos contra a companhia Lafarge nos Estados Unidos e na França pela realização de negócios com o Estado Islâmico. Conclui-se que, ainda que tribunais internacionais geralmente não possuam jurisdição sobre pessoas jurídicas, a parte especial do Direito Internacional Penal oferece uma base útil para lidar com má conduta no plano doméstico e alerta agentes econômicos dos riscos de responsabilidade.
Downloads
References
ACCIOLY, Hildebrando; SILVA, Geraldo Eulálio do Nascimento e; CASELLA, Paulo Borba. Manual de Direito Internacional Público. 24. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2019.
AMBOS, Kai. International Economic Criminal Law: The foundations of companies’ criminal responsibility under international law. Criminal Law Forum, v. 29, n. 4, p. 499-566, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10609-018-9356-9
AMBOS, Kai. Treatise on international criminal law: Foundations and general part. 2. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021a. v. 1.
AMBOS, Kai. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: article-by-article commentary. 4. ed. London: Beck/Hart, 2021b.
ANGELO, Matthew et al. Corporate Criminal Liability. American Criminal Law Review, v. 57, n. 3, p. 513, 2020. Available from: https://law.digital.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/1081000. Accessed on: 29 May 2025.
APARAC, Jelena. Business and armed non-state groups: challenging the landscape of corporate (un)accountability in armed conflicts. Business and Human Rights Journal, v. 5, n. 2, p. 270-275, jul. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2020.8
ARAÚJO, Marina Pinhão Coelho; SOUZA, Luciano Anderson de. Capítulo 2: Conteúdo do Direito Penal Econômico. In: ARAÚJO, Marina Pinhão Coelho; SOUZA, Luciano Anderson de (org.). Direito Penal Econômico. 2. ed. São Paulo: Thomson Reuters Brasil, 2023.
ÁVILA, Anne Caroline Primo. Direito Penal Econômico e Criminal Compliance. São Paulo: Damásio Educacional, [s.d.].
BEALE, Sara Sun; SAFWAT, Adam G. What developments in Western Europe tell us about American critiques of corporate criminal liability. Buffalo Criminal Law Review, v. 8, n. 1, p. 89-163, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2004.8.1.89
BECK, Susanne. Corporate criminal liability. In: DUBBER, Markus D.; HÖRNLE, Tatjana (org.). The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. p. 560-582.
BRAZIL. Superior Tribunal de Justiça (Sexta Turma). REsp 1931069/SP, Rel. Min. Laurita Vaz. Brasilia: STJ, 26 abr. 2023.
BUELL, Samuel W. The responsibility gap in corporate crime. Criminal Law and Philosophy, v. 12, n. 3, p. 471-491, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11572-017-9434-9
BUELL, Samuel W. Corporate criminal liability. In: PETRIN, Martin; WITTING, Christian (org.). Research Handbook on Corporate Liability. Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, USA: Edward Elgar, 2023. p. 100-115.
CASSESE, Antonio; GAETA, Paola. Cassese’s international criminal law. 3. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
CLAPHAM, Andrew; JERBI, Scott. Categories of corporate complicity in human rights abuses. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, v. 24, n. 3, p. 339-349, 2001.
CRAWFORD, James R. Brownlie’s principles of public international law. 8. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
CRYER, Robert; ROBINSON, Darryl; VASILIEV, Sergey. An introduction to international criminal law and procedure. 4. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
DEVA, Surya. From business or human rights to business and human rights: what next? In: DEVA, Surya; BIRCHALL, David (org.). Research Handbook on Human Rights and Business. Cheltenham, UK; Northampton, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020.
DUPUY, René-Jean. O Direito Internacional. Coimbra: Almedina, 1993.
FRANCE. Cour de cassation, criminelle, Chambre criminelle, 7 septembre 2021, 19-87.367, Publié au bulletin. Paris: Légifrance, 2021. Available from: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/juri/id/JURITEXT000044105521. Accessed on: 13 Jan. 2025.
FRANCE. Code pénal. Paris: Légifrance, 1994. Available from: https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/LEGITEXT000006070719. Accessed on: 21 Jan. 2025.
FRIEDRICHS, David O. White collar crime: definitional debates and the case for a typological approach. In: RORIE, Melissa L. (org.). The handbook of white-collar crime. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell, 2020. p. 16-31.
FRULLI, Micaela. Jurisdiction Ratione Personae. In: CASSESE, Antonio; GAETA, Paola; JONES, John R. W. D. (org.). The Rome statute of the international criminal court: a commentary. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. p. 527-542.
GERMANY (TERRITORY UNDER ALLIED OCCUPATION, 1945-1955: U.S. ZONE). Trials of war criminals before the Nurenberg Military Tribunals under Control Council law No. 10: Nuernberg, October 1946-April 1949. Washington, D.C.: U.S. GPO, 1949.
GORSKI, Simone. Individuals in International Law. (Technical note). Oxford: Oxford Public International Law, 2013. Available from: https://opil.ouplaw.com/display/10.1093/law:epil/9780199231690/law-9780199231690-e829. Accessed on: 8 Dec. 2025.
HAFNER, Gerhard. The emancipation of the individual from the State under International Law. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2013. v. 358.
HEMPTINNE, Jérôme de; ROTH, Robert; SLIEDREGT, Elies van (org.). Modes of liability in international criminal law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
HIGGINS, Rosalyn. Problems and process: international law and how we use it. Oxford: Clarendon, 2000.
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Hague: ICC, 2021. Available from: https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RS-Eng.pdf. Accessed on: 29 May 2025.
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA. The Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic, Appeals Chamber, Judgement of 15 July 1999. Available from: https://ucr.irmct.org/scasedocs/case/IT-94-1#eng. Accessed on: 14 Jan. 2025.
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA. The Prosecutor v. Mitar Vasiljevic, Appeals Chamber, Judgement of 25 Feb. 2004. Available from: https://ucr.irmct.org/scasedocs/case/IT-98-32#eng. Accessed on: 14 Jan. 2025.
KELSEN, Hans. Principles of international law. New York: Rinehart, 1952.
LAFARGE. Registration document: Lafarge 2014 (Anual report). Paris: Lafarge, 2015. Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20150417051907/http://www.lafarge.com/sites/default/files/atoms/files/03232015-press_publication-2014_annual_report-uk.pdf. Accessed on: 14 Jan. 2025.
MADRUGA, Antenor Pereira. Constituição brasileira de 1988: monista ou dualista? Revista de Informação Legislativa, v. 45, n. 179, p. 135-140, 2008.
MCAULIFFE, Padraig. Suspended disbelief? The curious endurance of the deterrence rationale in international criminal law. New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law, Victoria, v. 10, n. 2, p. 227-262, 2012.
MCCORQUODALE, Robert. The individual and the international legal system. In: EVANS, Malcolm D. (org.). International law. 1. ed. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. p. 299-325.
MELLO, Celso D. de Albuquerque. Curso de Direito Internacional Público. 14. ed. Rio de Janeiro; São Paulo: Renovar, 2002. v. 1.
NOLLKAEMPER, André. National courts and the international rule of law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
PORTMANN, Roland. Legal Personality in International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
POWDERLY, Joseph. Judges and the Making of International Criminal Law. Leiden, NL; Boston, USA: Brill; Nijhoff, 2020.
RAJA, Masood Ashraf. ISIS: Ideology, Symbolics, and Counter Narratives. 1. ed. London: Routledge, 2019.
REZEK, Francisco. Direito Internacional Público: Curso Elementar. 11 ed. rev. atual. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2008.
SALVADOR NETTO, Alamiro Velludo. Responsabilidade penal da pessoa jurídica. 3. ed. São Paulo: Thomson Reuters Brasil, 2023.
SALVAGE, Philippe. Droit penal general. 8. ed. Fontaine: Presses Universitaires de Grenoble, 2016.
SCHABAS, William. The International Criminal Court: A commentary on the Rome Statute. 2. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. v. 1.
SHAW, Malcolm N. International law. 9. ed. Cambridge, United Kingdom; New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2021.
SLIEDREGT, E. van; YANEV, Lachezar. Co-perpetration based on joint control over the crimes. In: HEMPTINNE, Jérôme de; ROTH, Robert; SLIEDREGT, Elies van (org.). Modes of liability in international criminal law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. p. 85-120.
SOUSA, Denise Silva de. O indivíduo como sujeito de Direito Internacional. 1. ed. Curitiba: Juruá, 2008.
STAHN, Carsten. A critical introduction to International Criminal Law. 1. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
STAHN, Carsten; VAN DEN HERIK, Larissa. ‘Fragmentation’, diversification and ‘3D’ legal pluralism: International Criminal Law as the Jack-in-the-Box? In: VAN DEN HERIK, Larissa; STAHN, Carsten (org.). The diversification and fragmentation of International Criminal Law. Leiden, NL; Boston, USA: Brill; Nijhoff, 2012. p. 21-87.
STOITCHKOVA, Desislava Emanouilova. Towards corporate liability in international criminal law. Utrecht: Universiteit Utrecht, 2010.
SUTHERLAND, Edwin H. White-Collar Criminality. American Sociological Review, v. 5, n. 1, p. 1-12, 1940.
UNITED NATIONS WAR CRIMES COMMISSION. The Zyklon B Case: Trial of Burno Tesch and two others. Hamburg: British Military Court, 1946.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. United States of America against Lafarge S.A. and Lafarge Cement Syria S.A.: Plea Agreement. District of New York: Department of Justice, 2022. Available from: https://www.justice.gov/d9/press-releases/attachments/2022/10/19/us_v._lafarge_-_plea_agreement_and_attachments_ecf_0.pdf. Accessed on: 20 Nov. 2024.
WAGNER, Markus. Corporate criminal liability: national and international responses. Commonwealth Law Bulletin, v. 25, n. 2, p. 600-608, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050718.1999.9986542
WOUTERS, Jan; CHANÉ, Anna-Luise. Multinational Corporations in International Law. In: REINISCH, August; RYNGAERT, Cedric; NOORTMANN, Math (org.). Non-state actors in international law: Studies in international law. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2015. p. 225-252.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Mateus Henriques Thomas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright of published articles belongs to the author, but with journal rights over the first publication and respecting the one-year exclusivity period. Authors may only use the same results in other publications by clearly indicating this journal as the medium of the original publication. If there is no such indication, it will be considered a situation of self-plagiarism.
Therefore, the reproduction, total or partial, of the articles published here is subject to the express mention of the origin of its publication in this journal, citing the volume and number of this publication. For legal purposes, the source of the original publication must be consigned, in addition to the DOI link for cross-reference (if any).
